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Objective To compare the biomechanical effects of contiguous three-level cervical Hybrid surgery[anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) + cervical disc arthroplasty ( CDA)] and three-level ACDF. Methods The finite element model of C1-T1 cervical-thoracic spine was developed based on CT data. Three models were simulated by the implantation of Prestige LP and Zero-P prostheses, including two Hybrid models (AFA, Prestige LP implanted at C3-4 and C5-6 segments and Zero-P implanted at C4-5 segment; FAF, Zero-P implanted at C3-4 and C5-6 segments and Prestige LP implanted at C4-5 segment) and three-level ACDF model(FFF). The changes in range of motion (ROM) of adjacent levels during flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation, the overall ROM, as well as the intradiscal pressure ( IDP) and facet contact force ( FCF) of adjacent levels were compared. Results The ROM in adjacent levels and the overall ROM of the AFA modelwere closer to the intact model, and the maximum increases in the ROM of the adjacent levels for the FAF and FFF models were 15. 0% and 23. 4% , respectively. For AFA, FAF and FFF models, the maximum increases in the maximum IDP of adjacent levels were 19. 0% , 66. 7% , 147. 6% , and the maximum increases in FCF were 17. 4% , 55. 7% , 80. 1% , respectively. Conclusions This study provides biomechanical basis for three-level cervical Hybrid surgery in treating patients with the contiguous three-level cervical degenerative disc disease.
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【Objective】 To study the effects of miR-30e-5p from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(BMSC-exos) on high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cell pyroptosis and explore an alternative strategy to manage diabetic kidney disease (DKD). 【Methods】 BMSC-exos were isolated and internalized into HK-2 cells treated with HG to measure viability and cytotoxicity. The secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 was measured by ELISA. Pyroptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The levels of miR-30e-5p, IL-1β, and IL-18 were measured. The expression of pyroptosis-associated cytokine proteins was determined. 【Results】 BMSC-exos decreased LDH, IL-1β, and IL-18 secretion and inhibited the expression of the pyroptosis-related factors (IL-1β, caspase-1, GSDMD-N, and NLRP3) in HG-induced HK-2 cells. Moreover, miR-30e-5p depletion in BMSC-exos promoted HK-2 cell pyroptosis. 【Conclusion】 BMSC-derived exosomal miR-30e-5p inhibits caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis in HG-induced HK-2 cells, which might provide a new strategy for treating DKD.
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【Objective】 To study the effect of macrophage mediator 1 (MED1) deficiency on atherosclerosis in female mice. 【Methods】 ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-), LDLR knockout (LDLR-/-), MED1fl/fl, and macrophage MED1 knockout (MED1△Mac) mice were recruited in the study. Two types of mouse model were constructed:ApoE and macrophage MED1 double knockout (MED1△Mac/ApoE-/-) mice and their littermate controls (MED1fl/fl/ApoE-/-). ② LDLR knockout (LDLR-/-) mice receiving bone marrow from MED1△Mac (MED1△Mac→LDLR-/-) or MED1fl/fl (MED1fl/fl→LDLR-/-) mice. Female mice from these two models were fed a Western diet (21% fat and 0.15% cholesterol) for 12 weeks to promote the development of atherosclerosis. Body weight, total cholesterol (TC), and total triglyceride (TG) content in plasma were measured dynamically. After Western diet feeding for 12 weeks, aortic tree and aortic root were collected and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and oil red O staining were performed. 【Results】 Plasma TC and TG did not significantly differ between MED1fl/fl/ApoE-/- control group and MED1△Mac/ApoE-/-experimental group. However, the plaque area in aortic tree and aortic root was significantly increased in MED1△Mac/ApoE-/-mice. Moreover, compared with that in MED1fl/fl→LDLR-/- control group, the plaque area of aortic tree and aortic root had an increasing trend in MED1△Mac→LDLR-/- mice group. 【Conclusion】 MED1 deficiency in macrophages promotes the development of atherosclerosis in female ApoE or LDLR knockout mice.
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The clinical symptoms of myasthenia gravis (MG) in women are closely related to pregnancy, and the outcome of pregnancy and neonates is related to MG disease control, comorbidities and antibody types. The exacerbation of muscle weakness usually appeared in the first trimester and postpartum 0-3 months. The adverse pregnancy outcomes of MG mothers are mainly fetal arrest and abortion. Neonatal muscle weakness and congenital joint flexion are common neuromuscular lesions in childbirth. During pregnancy, the immune system of MG pregnant women is regulated by estrogen/progesterone/prolactin/glucocorticoid, and the main result is to inhibit pro-inflammatory response and promote immune tolerance. However, the specific interaction between MG and pregnancy remains to be elucidated in prospective cohort studies.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of curriculum on the awareness and attitude on the rural-oriented medical education among medical students.Methods:The grade 2019 and 2020 medical students of rural-oriented program in Hebei Medical University were enrolled. Two different curricula were adopted in the first year, for students of grade 2020 more courses in general medicine, humanities and social sciences were added, and not for those of grade 2019. A questionnaire survey was conducted at the end of their first academic year. The questionnaire contained the basic information of students, opinions and satisfaction with curriculum design, understanding of policies about rural-oriented medical education, and the sense of career identity; each item in the questionnaire was scored by 5-point Likert scale.Results:A total of 173 questionnaires were distributed and 161 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 93.1%; there were 55 responders (15 males and 40 females) from grade 2019, and 106 from grade 2020 (52 males and 54 females). The main reasons for choosing rural-oriented program were job security (60.0% (33/55) in 2019 and 58.5% (62/106) in 2020), the main way to know the relevant policies of the program was through the internet (54.5% (30/55) in 2019 and 66.0% (70/106) in 2020); 34.5% (19/55) of grade 2019 students were willing to continue working in rural areas after contracted period of service, while the percentage was 47.2% (50/106) for grade 2020. Students in grade 2020 had a higher satisfaction scores on the content and quality of teaching courses, as well as teaching satisfaction compared to those in grade 2019( t=2.34 and 3.00, P<0.05). The awareness of relevant policies before enrollment and policies related to contract violations among grade 2020 students was higher than that of grade 2019( t=2.70 and 5.08, P<0.05); the scores of all questions about general practice answered by students in grade 2020 were higher than those in grade 2019( t=3.96, 3.37, 3.55, 2.85, 3.84, 5.26 and 5.10,all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the scores of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and adaptive aspects of career identity between students of two grades( t=0.70, 0.78, 0.74 and 1.37,all P>0.05). Conclusions:The reformed curriculum has positive effect on the satisfaction and awareness of rural-oriented medical education program and relevant policies among medical students in the program; however, it has less effect on the sense of career identity and willingness to continue to work in rural areas after the contracted period of serve.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of needle-embedding therapy on improvement of pneumoperitoneum and abdominal distension after colonoscopy.Methods:A total of 102 patients who received colonoscopy in Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China between June 2018 and June 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to observation and control groups ( n = 51 per group). The control group was subjected to routine symptomatic treatment and the observation group was given needle-embedding therapy. The improvement effects on pneumoperitoneum and abdominal distension, examination duration, numerical rating scale score, and grade of abdominal distension at 6 and 24 hours after colonoscopy were compared between observation and control groups. Results:Total response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [92.16% (47/51) vs. 74.51% (38 /51), χ 2 = 5.71, P < 0.05]. The time to enteroscope entry and the time to enteroscope withdrawal were (4.86 ± 1.23) minutes and (5.24 ± 1.13) minutes, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(8.79 ± 1.25) minutes, (6.97 ± 1.12) minutes, t = 16.00, 7.76, both P < 0.001]. Numerical rating scale score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(1.50 ± 0.41) points vs. (2.30 ± 0.42) points, t = 9.73, P < 0.001). At 6 and 24 hours after colonoscopy, the amplitude of improvement of abdominal distension in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group (both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Needle-embedding therapy can effectively improve pneumoperitoneum and abdominal distension after enteroscopy, shorten the examination duration, and relieve pain.
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【Objective】 To explore the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on platelets supply management and its countermeasures. 【Methods】 Relevant data on platelets collection, supply, daily inventory and adjustment were collected through the blood information management system of our blood center after the outbreak of the epidemic in Xi′an (from December 9, 2021 to February 2, 2022), and then compared with the data during the corresponding period of last year (from December 9, 2020 to February 2, 2021). 【Results】 In this study, in the first half month of the epidemic, the collection and supply of platelets were slightly higher than the same period of the previous year. After the first-level response to the epidemic was initiated, the collection and issuing of platelets decreased significantly compared with the same period of the previous year. Half a month after the home isolation had been gradually lifted, the collection and issuing of platelets increased significantly as compared with the home isolation period. Otherwise, the collection and issuing of platelets had been increased as compared with the same period of the previous year. 【Conclusion】 After the outbreak of the epidemic, the timely adjustment of platelet collection strategy as well as the launch of emergency plan for platelets collection and supply during the first-level response to the epidemic effectively ensured the supply of clinical platelets in Xi′an during the period of home isolation.
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SMART (S = Specific, M = Measurable, A = Attainable, R = Relevant, T = Time-bound) principle is a goal-setting theory that includes five aspects: clarity, measurability, achievability, relevance, and timeliness. This online nutrition practice course introduces SMART principle teaching methodology to help students build autonomous learning capabilities. Questionnaires were used to learn about students' satisfaction. We also evaluated the students' practical skills by measuring students' self-perception of collaborative attitude, leadership, communication skills and intellectual challenge abilities before and after the course. The results found that 89.7% (26/29) of the students were generally satisfied with this online nutrition practice course. About 86.2% (25/29) of the students thought online learning was acceptable. By the end of the course, students' self-perception of collaborative attitude, leadership, communication skills and intellectual challenge abilities were increased by 7%, 13%, 14% and 10%, respectively. This online nutrition practice course indicates that SMART principle can help students build autonomous learning capabilities by setting practical, specific and time-limited teaching objectives, which improves students' learning enthusiasm and effectively enhances the practice ability of students.
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Objective:To investigate the status quo and training needs of general practitioner (GP) job-transfer training program in Hebei Province.Methods:An online survey with self-designed questionnaire was conducted on May 2019 through WeChat among 165 trainees in the General Practice Training Center of Hebei Province. A total of 165 questionnaires were distributed and 149 were valid with an effective rate of 90.3%. The contents of the questionnaire included the basic information of the trainees, the evaluation of the current training, and the needs of the GPs′ job-transfer training.Results:Among 149 participants, there were 131 (87.9%)from the secondary hospitals or above, 146(98.0%)with bachelor′s degree or above, and 128 (85.9%)with intermediate or above professional titles. The survey showed that 72.0%(67/93)thought the main reasons affecting participation in the training were busy work load and insufficient personnel, the main problems of training were too short training duration(45.2%, 42/93), the not focused training contents(38.7%, 36/93) and lack of practice(37.6%, 35/93). In the 149 trainees, 136(91.3%) thought that the most important contents should be standardized diagnosis and treatment of common diseases; 104(69.8%), 118(79.2%), 115(77.2%) and 98(65.8%) considered that the knowledge of prevention and health-protection, first aid, latest progress and chronic disease management were needed for training; 110(73.8%)and 80(53.7%)thought the mastery of clinical practice and basic theory were needed. And 57.7% (86/149)of the trainees believed that research training was needed, and there was significant difference in the demand for research training among participants from different work units and with different professional titles (χ 2=15.371,10.625,all P<0.05). The accepted training methods were case study(53.7%, 81/149) and practical work(37.6%, 56/149). For training duration, 43.6% (65/149) thought it should not exceed 6 months and 56.4% (84/149) preferred more than 1 year; there was a significant difference in demanded training duration among trainees from different work units, with different education background and professional titles (χ 2=16.225,6.243,25.966, all P<0.05). Conclusion:We need a multi-channel and multi-level training model to establish a better job-transfer training system for general practitioners, in order to meet different training needs and to improve the effectiveness of the training.
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Objective:To explore the effect of dialectical diet on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score of cirrhotic ascites patients based on "Gu Ben Kai Qu" theory.Methods:From March 2019 to January 2020, 84 patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites admitted to Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM were randomly divided into two groups according to the different dialectical types of the subjects, 14 cases in each group. Three non-syndrome differentiation diet groups were given routine nursing care of liver cirrhosis ascites. On the basis of routine nursing, the corresponding medicinal diet was selected according to syndrome differentiation based on "Gu Ben Kai Qu" theory. Patients with spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome selected Shenqi lean meat decoction. Patients with Yin deficiency of liver and kidney selected Wolfberry and ophiopogon spareribs decoction. Patients with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome selected Danggui Sanqi spareribs decoction. The TCM syndrome score scale for liver disease and the curative effect evaluation of cirrhosis ascites were used to evaluate the effect.Results:Eighty effective cases were included. On the first day of admission, the 14th day and the second week after discharge, the TCM syndrome scores of liver disease were as follows: the group (a1b1) with the spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome was 46.38±8.56, 34.20±8.42, 31.40±4.22, respectively. The group (a1b2) with the liver kidney yin deficiency syndrome was 41.50±8.71, 31.35±8.63, 31.12±4.94. The group(a1b3) with the qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome was 45.92±7.86, 35.17±7.57, 30.83±7.32, respectively. The non-syndrome differentiation diet group (a2b1) with the spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome was 46.29±8.38, 39.79±7.65, 36.64±6.83, respectively. The non-syndrome differentiation diet group (a2b2) with the liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome was 40.50±8.12, 38.10±8.93, 35.38±8.24, respectively. The non-syndrome differentiation diet group (a2b3) with the qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome was 45.62±7.99, 41.83±7.31, 38.83±7.96, respectively. The comparison of TCM syndrome scores of liver disease at three time points was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 63.998, P<0.05), and the comparison between groups was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 20.993, P<0.05). On the 14th day and the second week after discharge, there were significant differences between the groups with the syndrome differentiation diet and another three groups with non-syndrome differentiation diet ( F values were 3.244, 3.489, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Based on the theory of "strengthening the foundation and opening channels", the syndrome differentiation group can effectively reduce the TCM syndrome score of patients with cirrhosis ascites, improve the symptoms and enhance the curative effect. With the development of time, the score of TCM syndrome in patients with liver disease become lower. On the 14th day of admission, patients with Yin deficiency of liver and kidney given medicated diets had significant effect; patients with spleen kidney yang deficiency syndrome or qi stagnation and blood stasis had significant effect in 2 weeks after discharge; which can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with cirrhosis ascites to worthy of clinical application.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of miR-26a mediated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway on angiogenesis in rats with cerebral ischemia.Methods:A total of 100 male SD rats were divided into sham operation group, model group, miR-NC group, and miR-26a group according to the random number table method. The miR-NC group and the miR-26a group were injected with 5 μl miR-26a simulant negative control and miR-26a simulant into the lateral ventricle respectively. The sham operation group and the model group were injected with the same amount of normal saline respectively. The middle cerebral artery occlusion model was induced by the modified intraluminal suture method. In the sham operation group, the thread was only inserted without ligation. Five rats in each group were injected intraperitoneally with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) daily for 7 days. Rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) cultured and transfected in vitro were divided into control group, oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) group, miR-NC group, and miR-26a group. The dual luciferase experiment verified the regulatory effect of miR-26a on the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Longa score was used to detecte the neurological damage of rats. The volume of cerebral infarction was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) staining, annexin Ⅴ fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining and tubule formation experiment were used to detect the proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis of BMECs, respectively. Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the miR-26a expression of ischemic brain tissue and BMECs. Immunofluorescence double labeling method (BrdU/von Willebrand factor [vWF]) was used to detect the proliferation of rat vascular endothelial cells. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), PTEN, PI3K and Akt protein in ischemic brain tissue.Results:Bioinformatics and dual luciferase experiments verified the targeted regulation of PTEN by miR-26a. Compared with the sham operation group, the expression of miR-26a, VEGF, bFGF, Ang-2, PI3K, AKT and the number of BrdU + /VWF + cells in ischemic brain tissue in the model group and miR-NC group increased, while the expression of PTEN decreased (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the effect of various indexes in the miR-26a group was more significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the proliferation and angiogenesis of BMECs in the OGD group and the miR-NC group were significantly increased, and the apoptosis was significantly reduced (all P<0.05). Compared with the OGD group, the effect of various indexes in the miR-26a group was more significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion:miR-26a can mediate the targeted inhibition of PTEN expression, up-regulate angiogenesis related factors (VEGF, bFGF and Ang-2), and promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in rats with cerebral infarction by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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The simulator testing in vitro and computational simulation of the artificial knee joint wear are important methods to evaluate the wear performance of the prosthesis in vitro and to predict the clinical performance of knee joint products. Based on the method of literature search, this paper compares the mechanical and kinematic loading input curves carried out by Chinese scholars in recent years, standard curves, and Chinese measurement curves of two typical movements of gait. Data of vitro simulator test and computational simulation model are compared, summarized, and analyzed. The results show that the measured data of motion and load cannot be directly used as the loading conditions for the simulator wear test and computational simulation. The mechanics and kinematics data of Chinese people are different from the international standards. The domestic artificial knee joint in vitro simulator wear test methods are similar but the results of different test institutions are somewhat different. The computation wear prediction research is basically synchronized with foreign countries, but the problem that the calculated wear results are lower than that in vitro test is still unsolved. The artificial knee joint wear performance evaluation system based on Chinese knee joint mechanics and kinematics data is the forward direction of the research.
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Objective@#To analyze the delay of seeking medical treatment and associated factors among students with tuberculosis in Shaanxi Province from 2015 to 2019, so as to provide scientific evidence for the early detection and control of tuberculosis epidemics in schools.@*Methods@#Data from 6 739 students with pulmonary tuberculosis registered in Shaanxi Province from 2015 to 2019 were collected from the TB Management Information System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.@*Results@#Among 6 739 cases of students with pulmonary tuberculosis from 2015 to 2019 in Shaanxi Province, 3 040 patients delayed seeking medical treatment. The rate of delayed treatment was as high as 45.1%, and the median delayed treatment time was 38(24, 68) days. From 2015 to 2019, the overall delay rate of students showed a downward trend, with a significant difference(χ 2=120.45, P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in delay rate between different patient sources, diagnosis results and regions(χ 2=274.19, 26.75, 24.12, P<0.05), among which for factors such as tracing, tuberculosis pleurisy, doctor delay in the northern part of Shaanxi, the rates were higher. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the regions of northern Shaanxi(OR=2.74), central Shaanxi(OR=2.09), and southern Shaanxi(OR=2.39), and clinical consultation(OR=1.84), recommendation(OR=2.81), tracing(OR=3.28), and tracing (OR=6.07) were risk factors for delay of consultation. A lack of etiology results(OR=0.47) was to protect delay of consultation.@*Conclusion@#From 2015 to 2019 in Shaanxi Province, a delay in seeking medical treatment was relatively common among students with tuberculosis. The region, source of patients and diagnosis results were factors that influenced the delay in finding tuberculosis patients in Shaanxi Province.
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【Objective】 Toexplore the viability of preparing washed RBCs ordeglycerolized RBCs(referred as frozen RBCs)from blood containing irregular antibodies, so as to provide references for formulating processing procedures of blood containing irregular antibodiestosave blood resources and reduce blood wastage. 【Methods】 Once irregular antibodies were yielded, their type and titerwere determined.The plasma was discarded, and the suspended RBCs were prepared and processed according to the standardized washing scheme.The processing effect of blood with different titers and types of antibodies was observed, and theirfurther clinical application was followed up. 【Results】 From May 2017 to July 2019, a total of 45 blood samples containing irregular antibodies were screened in our center. The overall qualified rate reached 91.1% after processing. 100%(25/25) was qualified in IgM, and 80.0%(16/20)in IgG.4samples, initially noncom for mingdue to IgG-Dwith titerranged8~16, met the requirements after one or two additional washing processes. Among them, 23 cases were issued and appliedin clinicaland noadeverse reactions to blood transfusionoccurred. 【Conclusion】 After appropriate processing, blood containing irregular antibody can be applied to the clinical to save blood resources. When the irregular antibody is IgG-D and the titer is high, the washing times should be increased, and only when there is no residual antibodycan the samples be issued to the clinical.
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【Objective】 Tostudy the effect of ABO blood group on the FⅧ∶C and Fib content in human plasma, so as to provide the oretical guidance for the quality control of fresh plasma products and the establishment of relevant quality standards. 【Methods】 Samples determined included fresh plasma collected and fresh plasma separated manually. The FⅧ∶C and Fib content were determined by coagulation method. The exon6 of ABO gene was amplified and sequenced to determine the genotype. 【Results】 The FⅧ∶C in fresh plasma collected was (147.421±45.773)%, and that in fresh plasma separated manually was (119.083±35.130)%, showing significant differences(P0.05). The FⅧ∶C in non-O type (A, B, AB type) fresh plasma collected and fresh plasma separated manually were (167.048±40.862)% and (129.251±33.503)%, respectively, significantly higher than that in O type fresh plasma collected and fresh plasma separated manually as(121.386±38.632)% and (91.589±22.328)%, respectively. The Fib contents in non-O type fresh plasma collected and fresh plasma separated manually were (2.242±0.385)g/L and (2.329±0.472)g/L, respectively. The Fib contents in O type fresh plasma collected and fresh plasma separated manually were (2.287±0.370)g/L and (2.307±0.462)g/L, respectively, and no significant difference was noticed (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 There was no significant correlation between Fib content and ABO blood group, while FⅧ∶C was significantly correlated with ABO blood group. In the preparation and quality control of FⅧ related blood products, the effect of ABO blood group on the FⅧ∶C should be considered, and the quality standard of FⅧ in plasma products should be established based on the ABO blood group.
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【Objective】 To explore the difference of total protein (TP) content, coagulation factor VIII (FⅧ) activity and Fib content in different common plasma products, and to further provide basis for the establishment and refinement of relevant quality standards of common plasma products. 【Methods】 Samples involved in the experiment included frozen plasma and cryoprecipitated frozen plasma derived from whole blood and eukocyte-depleted whole blood. The TP content determination was carried out by biuret method. The FⅧ activity (FⅧ: C) and Fib content were determined by coagulation method. 【Results】 The TP content( g/L) in frozen plasma and cryoprecipitated frozen plasma derived from whole blood and eukocyte-depleted whole blood were 59.64±4.78 vs 58.09±4.1 vs 52.20±3.57 vs 51.89±1.50, respectively, and the FⅧ: C( %) were 109.63±43.38 vs 27.06±7.09 vs 71.83±21.64 vs 21.66±3.86,, and the Fib content (g/L) were 2.19±0.39 vs 1.30±0.24 vs 2.04±0.37 vs1.22±0.15, respectively. There was a significant difference in TP content between other common plasma products (P0.05). There was significant difference in FⅧ: C among four common plasma products (P0.05). 【Conclusion】 The TP content and FⅧ: C of common plasma products are closely related to the initial blood and preparation process. It is suggested that the quality standard of common plasma products should be further refined, and the establishment of cryoprecipitated frozen plasma relevant quality standard and clinical indications should be considered.
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At present,the prevention and control of the COVID-19 is still severe,its pathogen SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and pathogenic,and the population is generally susceptible.Thus,it requires a higher standard to diagnose and treat patients with acute abdomen.The first step is to carry out procedures to identify whether the patient is infected or not.Those who are not infected can go through the normal treating procedures.For patients diagnosed with COVID-19 or suspected patients,the second step is to achieve classified diagnoses and treatments,and to adopt a treating plan that integrates TCM and western medicine.In order to protect patients and medical staff,the COVID-19 in hospital transmission must be avoided.For patients with COVID-19 who need emergency surgery,we must strictly comply with the hospital 's protection regulations,closely coordinate the relevant departments of surgery,perform the three-level protection,operate in accordance with the principle of damage control in the negative pressure surgery room,and return to the isolation ward according to the prevention and control process after operation.For units without surgical conditions,patients should be transferred to hospital in time on the premise of maximum damage control,and patients must not be delayed for timely diagnosis and treatment due to the epidemic.
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At present, the prevention and control of the COVID-19 is still severe, its pathogen SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and pathogenic, and the population is generally susceptible. In order to deal with the epidemic, selective operation can be postponed, but most of the patients with acute abdominal diseases are commonly in clinic, with acute onset and severe condition, and most of them are accompanied with fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, so emergency operation is needed.Under the condition of the current epidemic—COVID-19, it requires a higher standard to diagnose and treat patients with acute abdomen. The first step is to carry out procedures to identify whether the patient is infected or not. Those who are not infected can go through the normal treating procedures.For patients diagnosed with COVID-19 or suspected patients, the second step is to achieve classified diagnoses and treatments, and to adopt a treating plan that integrates TCM and western medicine.In order to protect patients and medical staff, the COVID-19 in hospital transmission must be avoided. For patients with COVID-19 who need emergency surgery, we must strictly comply with the hospital's protection regulations, closely coordinate the relevant departments of surgery, perform the three-level protection, operate in accordance with the principle of damage control in the negative pressure surgery room, and return to the isolation ward according to the prevention and control process after operation. For units without surgical conditions, patients should be transferred to hospital in time on the premise of maximum damage control, and patients must not be delayed for timely diagnosis and treatment due to the epidemic.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the five most common malignant tumors. According to the latest statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO), the incident and mortality rates of HCC ranks the eighth and third in the world, respectively, which severely affect people's health. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a bilayer of phospholipids, which carry active substances such as proteins and nucleic acids derived from their mother cells. These exosomes greatly facilitate the exchange of substances and information between cells, and coordinate physiological and pathological processes in the body. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that exosomal proteins play important roles in the tumorigenesis, development, diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Here we review the composition and functions of exosomes and the role of exosomal proteins in HCC.
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Humans , Carcinogenesis/genetics , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy , Exosomes/metabolism , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , MicroRNAs/genetics , ProteomicsABSTRACT
The organ system-based teaching model integrates the morphology and function of various organ and system of human body, breaks the boundaries of disciplines, and avoids the duplication and disjunction between disciplines. With this model general practitioners can effectively and efficiently learn basic knowledge and clinical skills in the training. This article introduces the organ system-based teaching model and its application in general practice job-transfer training in China.